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src/lib/utils/fuelEUCalculator.ts implements EU Regulation 2023/1805 with Annex II default emission factors. This page documents the formulas and constants in use.
WtW = WtT + TtW
WtT (per fuel) = Annex II default value (gCO₂eq/MJ)
TtW (per gram of fuel) = ttW_CO₂ × GWP_CO₂ + ttW_CH₄ × GWP_CH₄ + ttW_N₂O × GWP_N₂O
TtW (per MJ) = TtW per gram / LCV (MJ/g)
WtW = WtT + TtW per MJ (gCO₂eq/MJ)
Annex II default factors
The platform supports 19 fuel types. Key conventional and alternative fuels:
| Fuel | LCV (MJ/g) | WtT (gCO₂eq/MJ) | TtW CO₂ (g/g) | TtW CH₄ (g/g) | TtW N₂O (g/g) |
|---|
| HFO | 0.0405 | 13.5 | 3.114 | 0.00005 | 0.00018 |
| LFO | 0.0410 | 13.2 | 3.151 | 0.00005 | 0.00018 |
| MDO | 0.0427 | 14.4 | 3.206 | 0.00006 | 0.00018 |
| MGO | 0.0427 | 14.4 | 3.206 | 0.00006 | 0.00018 |
| LNG (Otto MS) | 0.0491 | 18.5 | 2.750 | 0.031 | 0.00011 |
| Methanol (fossil) | 0.0199 | 31.3 | 1.375 | 0.00012 | 0.00002 |
| LPG (Propane) | 0.0461 | 7.5 | 3.030 | 0.00005 | 0.00018 |
| LPG (Butane) | 0.0455 | 8.4 | 3.030 | 0.00005 | 0.00018 |
| Fuel | LCV | WtT | Notes |
|---|
| FAME | 0.037 | 21.0 | Average across feedstocks |
| HVO | 0.044 | 10.0 | Certified sustainable |
| Bio-Methanol | 0.0199 | 7.6 | Waste-based pathway |
| Bio-LNG | 0.0491 | 7.5 | Waste/manure |
| Bio-Blend | 0.040 | 18.0 | Blended; partial biogenic content |
| Fuel | LCV | WtT |
|---|
| E-Methanol (Green) | 0.0199 | 3.0 |
| E-LNG | 0.0491 | 5.0 |
| Fuel | LCV | WtT | TtW N₂O |
|---|
| Ammonia (Grey) | 0.0186 | 121.0 | 0.008 |
| Ammonia (Green) | 0.0186 | 5.0 | 0.008 |
| Hydrogen (Grey) | 0.120 | 132.0 | — |
| Hydrogen (Green) | 0.120 | 5.0 | — |
LNG methane slip
For LNG and Bio-LNG, methane slip (ttW_CH₄) varies by engine:
| Engine | Slip (Cslip) |
|---|
| Otto medium-speed | 3.1% (default) |
| Otto slow-speed | 1.7% |
| Diesel | 0.2% |
| LBSI (lean-burn spark-ignition) | 2.6% |
Biofuel period dating
Bio-Blend bunkers are dated against the user’s certification records. Two periods exist with different certified WtW intensities:
| Period | Cf (t CO₂ / t fuel) | WtW (gCO₂eq/MJ) |
|---|
| Pre-8-Aug-2025 | 2.331 | 9.2 |
| Post-8-Aug-2025 | 2.502 | 10.8 |
Fleet GHG intensity
Fleet GHG Intensity = Σ (Energy_i × WtW_i) / Σ Energy_i
tonnes × 1,000,000 × LCV.
Targets and compliance
Target intensity (year) = step function from {2020 baseline, 2025, 2030, ..., 2050}
Compliance Balance = (Target − Actual) × Total Energy (in gCO₂eq)
Compliance status = COMPLIANT if Actual ≤ Target else NON_COMPLIANT
Penalty (€) = |Balance| / Actual × (€2,400 / 41,000 MJ)
Implementation
src/lib/utils/fuelEUCalculator.ts — exports include calculateWtW, calculateFleetGHGIntensity, calculateFuelEUCompliance, calculateFuelEUComplianceWithBiofuelPeriods, and the FUEL_FACTORS, LNG_CSLIP, GWP, GHG_TARGETS, BIOFUEL_EMISSION_FACTORS constants.
Reference
