EU ETS coverage - Applied AI Foundation

The EU ETS engine in src/lib/utils/portClassifier.ts and src/lib/services/VoyageSegmentService.ts produces per-leg covered CO₂ figures used everywhere in the app — fleet ETS dashboard, vessel detail voyages table, EU ETS report.

Port classification

A port is classified EU/EEA if its UN/LOCODE country code (the first two letters) matches one of these 30 codes:

EU members:
AT BE BG HR CY CZ DK EE FI FR DE GR HU IE IT
LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SI ES SE

EEA members (non-EU):
IS LI NO

Anything else is non-EU.

Voyage type from leg endpoints

Departure	Arrival	Voyage type
EU/EEA	EU/EEA	INTRA_EU
Non-EU	EU/EEA	INTO_EU
EU/EEA	Non-EU	OUT_OF_EU
Non-EU	Non-EU	NON_EU

Coverage factors

Applied only to emissions at sea during the leg:

Voyage type	Sea coverage
INTRA_EU	100%
INTO_EU	50%
OUT_OF_EU	50%
NON_EU	0%

Port emissions: per-record classification

Emissions while at port are not tied to the voyage type. They’re classified by the actual port LOCODE on each record:

EU port → 100% covered
Non-EU port → 0% covered

This matters for multi-port voyages. Example: a voyage Rotterdam → Hamburg → Le Havre → Singapore has three intra-EU legs (100%) followed by an out-of-EU leg (50%). Time spent at the Hamburg and Le Havre intermediate stops is 100% covered; time at Singapore is 0%.

Phase-in factor by year

Year	Phase-in
2023 and earlier	0%
2024	40%
2025	70%
2026 onwards	100%

Final formula

Covered CO₂ (per leg) = (Sea CO₂ × Sea Coverage) + (EU-Port CO₂ × 1.0)
ETS Emissions          = Σ Covered CO₂ (across legs) × Phase-In Factor
ETS Cost (€)           = ETS Emissions × EUA Price

EUA price defaults to €75/tonne unless overridden via DEFAULT_EUA_PRICE.

Voyage segmentation (BOSP-based)

The extractVoyageLegs() function walks consumption records chronologically and creates a new leg whenever it encounters a BOSP (Beginning of Sea Passage) event. Records before the first BOSP are buffered and attached to the first leg. This means:

A voyage with 4 BOSP events produces 4 legs
Repeated voyage numbers (e.g. 99W, 99E, 99W) are split into segments (99W-1, 99E-1, 99W-2)
Coverage is applied per leg, not per voyage

Implementation

src/lib/utils/portClassifier.ts — isEUPort, determineVoyageType, getETSCoverageFactor, getETSPhaseInFactor, extractVoyageLegs, calculateLegsETSEmissions
src/lib/services/VoyageSegmentService.ts — orchestration layer used across pages and reports

Reference

Directive 2003/87/EC (consolidated) — EU ETS directive
Directive (EU) 2023/959 — Amendment bringing maritime into ETS
Regulation (EU) 2015/757 (consolidated) — MRV (data feed)
DNV — EU ETS Maritime overview
CE Delft technical report

​Port classification

​Voyage type from leg endpoints

​Coverage factors

​Port emissions: per-record classification

​Phase-in factor by year

​Final formula

​Voyage segmentation (BOSP-based)

​Implementation

​Reference